Mandamus decisions / District of Columbia
Akrayi v. United States Department of State
Read the decisionOriginal on CourtListener
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What the decision decided
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| Agency |
Department of State
Read by a model
Claiming unreasonable delay under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), he filed this suit to compel the State Department to do so. |
|---|---|
| Form or filing |
DS-260 (immigrant visa)
Read by a model
He requests an order directing the government to process Jameel’s visa application within sixty days and issue her an immigrant visa, and seeks declaratory and injunctive relief as to CARRP. |
| What the suit asked for |
Decide the application
Read by a model
He requests an order directing the government to process Jameel’s visa application within sixty days and issue her an immigrant visa, and seeks declaratory and injunctive relief as to CARRP. |
| Kind of order |
A ruling on a motion or the petition
Read by a model
For these reasons, the Court will grant the government’s motion to dismiss. |
| Motion decided |
Motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim
Read by a model
The government moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). |
| Whose motion |
The government's motion
Read by a model
The government moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). |
| Disposition |
Dismissed
The case or every delay claim was dismissed for a reason other than mootness.
Read by a model
For these reasons, the Court will grant the government’s motion to dismiss. |
| Prevailing party |
Government
Read by a model
For these reasons, the Court will grant the government’s motion to dismiss. |
| The delay claim |
Dismissed
Read by a model
For these reasons, the Court will grant the government’s motion to dismiss. |
| The other claims |
Dismissed
Read by a model
Because Akrayi has not met his burden to plausibly allege an unreasonable delay, a violation of his due process rights, or a concrete injury due to CARRP, the Court will grant the government’s motion to dismiss the complaint. |
| Months pending |
36 months from the application to the court's decision
Read by a model
Jameel’s application has been delayed for almost three years, and thus falls comfortably within the range of reasonableness. |
| TRAC factors |
The court weighed the TRAC factors
The Court thus finds that the first two TRAC factors support the government. |
| The government's delay arguments |
Line-jumping accepted
Read by a model
The fourth factor also favors the government. A “judicial order putting” Jameel’s application at the front of the line would necessarily “move[] all others back one space and produce[] no net gain.” |
| Threshold rulings |
Consular nonreviewability rejected
Read by a model
As “nothing in Baan Rao even hints that it upends” caselaw holding that consular non-reviewability does not apply to unreasonable delay cases, review of Akrayi’s claim is not barred. |
| Nationality |
Iraq
Read by a model
Mr. Akrayi filed an I-130 visa petition in April 2019 to obtain lawful permanent resident status for his wife, Zhala Ibrahim Jameel, an Iraqi citizen. |
| I-130 category |
Immediate relative
Read by a model
Plaintiff Ari Akrayi, a United States citizen, has been waiting nearly three years for the government to adjudicate his Iraqi wife’s U.S. visa application. |
How the case ended
This decision is not linked to a docket in the docket record yet, so how the case ended is not shown.
Supreme Court and D.C. Circuit authority
District decisions bind no one. On the questions this decision raises, the Supreme Court decisions and the circuit's published decisions listed here bind this court; a circuit disposition marked nonprecedential was not published as precedent and is persuasive only. ImmCite status as read November 3, 2026. Check the current status before relying on one.
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Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. 667
Supreme Court, June 26, 2018. Mandel's facially-legitimate-and-bona-fide standard governs constitutional challenges to entry restrictions, and a citation to a valid statutory ground ordinarily satisfies it.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Department of State v. Muñoz, 602 U.S. 899
Supreme Court, June 21, 2024. A U.S. citizen has no fundamental liberty interest in a noncitizen spouse's admission, so marriage alone entitles the citizen neither to Mandel review of the consular refusal nor to an explanation beyond the statutory citation.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Kleindienst v. Mandel, 408 U.S. 753
Supreme Court, June 29, 1972. When a visa refusal burdens a U.S. citizen's own constitutional rights, courts ask only whether the Executive gave a facially legitimate and bona fide reason and do not look behind it.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, 542 U.S. 55
Supreme Court, June 14, 2004. Section 706(1) and mandamus reach only a discrete agency action that the agency is legally required to take, so a court cannot compel programmatic improvements or action the law leaves to agency discretion.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Saavedra Bruno v. Albright, 197 F.3d 1153
D.C. Circuit, December 3, 1999. Consular visa decisions are not subject to judicial review absent an express statutory grant, and the APA does not displace that doctrine.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Baan Rao Thai Restaurant v. Pompeo, 985 F.3d 1020
D.C. Circuit, January 22, 2021. Consular nonreviewability bars a federal court from second-guessing a consular officer's decision to issue or withhold a visa, and dismissal on that ground is a merits ruling rather than a jurisdictional one.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance. ImmCite has read all 3 published decisions citing this case, as of 2026-10-29; none treats it adversely. That describes those decisions; it is not a determination that the case is good law.
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Pietersen v. Department of State, 138 F.4th 552
D.C. Circuit, May 30, 2025. Consular nonreviewability does not bar a forward-looking APA challenge to generally applicable State Department guidance, as distinct from review of an individual visa refusal.
ImmCite: unchecked, treatment not confirmed yet, not evidence either way. ImmCite has found no published decision citing this case as of 2026-11-03; it checks for new citing decisions daily. That is not a determination that the case is good law. The citation index lists 24 other decisions citing it, none a Supreme Court, BIA or Attorney General precedent or a published circuit opinion; ImmCite's status does not review them.
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Telecommunications Research & Action Center v. FCC, 750 F.2d 70
D.C. Circuit, October 24, 1984. Whether agency delay is unreasonable turns on six factors: a rule of reason, any statutory timetable, the human welfare interests at stake, the effect of expediting on competing priorities, the interests prejudiced by delay, and no need to find impropriety.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council, Inc. v. Norton, 336 F.3d 1094
D.C. Circuit, August 8, 2003. A claim that an agency has unreasonably delayed a matter arises under the APA and § 1331, and the TRAC factors decide whether the delay is unreasonable.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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In re Core Communications, Inc., 531 F.3d 849
D.C. Circuit, July 8, 2008. Mandamus to compel unreasonably delayed agency action is an extraordinary remedy guided by the TRAC factors, granted here after years of unexplained delay.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance