Mandamus decisions / Northern District of Illinois
Castillo v. Rubio
Read the decisionOriginal on CourtListener
2,914 written decisions from 2,661 cases in the whole mandamus and agency-delay group, the group's newest decided October 30, 2026. Updated November 3, 2026 at 1:24 a.m. CT; the Passim connector counts the live collection, which can differ by the day's additions and retirements (which total to quote). Coverage: of the 1,606 public decisions since January 1, 2025 that a CourtListener and GovInfo search for mandamus and agency delay finds, Passim holds 1,371 (85%), measured November 3, 2026. Some of what that search finds are not mandamus decisions. Tell us about a decision we're missing.
These are counts of past written decisions and dockets, not predictions of how any case will be decided. A distribution appears only when at least 5 decisions (or 5 dockets) are behind it; smaller groups are listed, not summarized. How it's counted.
What the decision decided
Each value cites the passage it was read from. Values read by a model were checked against that passage; values read by rule come from fixed text patterns. Read the decision before relying on either.
| Agency |
Department of State
Read by a model
Plaintiffs ask the Court to compel the State Department to conduct one interview and process a single visa application. |
|---|---|
| Form or filing |
DS-260 (immigrant visa)
Read by a model
The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador requires two visits: one for a “Document Review” and one for the “actual visa interview.” Dkt. 1-11, U.S. Embassy in El Salvador, “Important Update: Immigrant Visa Interview Appointment,” |
| What the suit asked for |
Schedule an interview
Read by a model
(2) requiring the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador to interview him within seven days |
| Kind of order |
A ruling on a motion or the petition
Read by a model
For the reasons set forth below, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion. |
| Motion decided |
Preliminary injunction or TRO
Read by a model
Before the Court is Plaintiffs’ motion for a temporary restraining order [2] and, following any hearing the Court may set, a preliminary injunction. |
| Whose motion |
The plaintiff's motion
Read by a model
Before the Court is Plaintiffs’ motion for a temporary restraining order [2] and, following any hearing the Court may set, a preliminary injunction. |
| Disposition |
Granted in the applicant's favor
The principal motion was granted in full: summary judgment for either side, an injunction or TRO, a writ or order to act, fees. A motion to dismiss granted in full counts as Dismissed; a transfer is listed apart.
Read by a model
For the reasons set forth below, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion. |
| Prevailing party |
Applicant
Read by a model
For the reasons set forth below, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion. |
| The delay claim |
Relief ordered
Read by a model
the Court issues a preliminary injunction directing the State Department to schedule a visa interview for Mr. Rivera Castillo at the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador within seven (7) days |
| The other claims |
Relief denied
Read by a model
In sum, the Court finds that the Pause falls within the State Department’s statutory authority, and that the Pause is not “final agency action” such that judicial review is available. |
| Months pending | Not stated Read by a model |
| TRAC factors | The court did not weigh the TRAC factors Read by a model |
| The government's delay arguments |
Line-jumping rejected
Read by a model
Again, Mr. Rivera Castillo was already at the top of the “proverbial pile,” and his case was unimpacted by CLINIC. |
| Threshold rulings | None Read by a model |
| Nationality |
El Salvador
Read by a model
Mr. Rivera Castillo is a citizen of El Salvador. |
| I-130 category |
Immediate relative
Read by a model
He married Ms. Rivera, a U.S. citizen, in 2013. |
How the case ended
- Docket
- No. 1:26-cv-11422
- Filed
- September 18, 2026
- Status
- Pending as of the last docket check
A voluntary or stipulated dismissal is how most suits end once the agency acts; the docket rarely says why. Other suits in this court.
Supreme Court and Seventh Circuit authority
District decisions bind no one. On the questions this decision raises, the Supreme Court decisions and the circuit's published decisions listed here bind this court; a circuit disposition marked nonprecedential was not published as precedent and is persuasive only. ImmCite status as read November 3, 2026. Check the current status before relying on one.
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Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. 667
Supreme Court, June 26, 2018. Mandel's facially-legitimate-and-bona-fide standard governs constitutional challenges to entry restrictions, and a citation to a valid statutory ground ordinarily satisfies it.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Department of State v. Muñoz, 602 U.S. 899
Supreme Court, June 21, 2024. A U.S. citizen has no fundamental liberty interest in a noncitizen spouse's admission, so marriage alone entitles the citizen neither to Mandel review of the consular refusal nor to an explanation beyond the statutory citation.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Kleindienst v. Mandel, 408 U.S. 753
Supreme Court, June 29, 1972. When a visa refusal burdens a U.S. citizen's own constitutional rights, courts ask only whether the Executive gave a facially legitimate and bona fide reason and do not look behind it.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, 542 U.S. 55
Supreme Court, June 14, 2004. Section 706(1) and mandamus reach only a discrete agency action that the agency is legally required to take, so a court cannot compel programmatic improvements or action the law leaves to agency discretion.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Pak v. Biden, 91 F.4th 896
Seventh Circuit, January 31, 2024. Consular nonreviewability bars a systemic challenge to how terrorism-related inadmissibility exemptions are considered, a matter the statute commits to the Secretaries' sole unreviewable discretion, and a statutory citation with a facial link to the record satisfies Mandel.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance. ImmCite has read all 2 published decisions citing this case, as of 2026-10-30; none treats it adversely. That describes those decisions; it is not a determination that the case is good law.
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Matushkina v. Nielsen, 877 F.3d 289
Seventh Circuit, December 7, 2017. Consular nonreviewability is a merits rule rather than a limit on subject-matter jurisdiction, and it bars indirect attacks on a visa refusal through the underlying inadmissibility finding.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance. ImmCite has read all 11 published decisions citing this case, as of 2026-10-29; none treats it adversely. That describes those decisions; it is not a determination that the case is good law.
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Yafai v. Pompeo, 912 F.3d 1018
Seventh Circuit, January 4, 2019. A visa refusal citing a statutory inadmissibility ground supported by facts in the record is facially legitimate and bona fide, and bad faith must be affirmatively shown before a court looks further.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance. ImmCite has read all 8 published decisions citing this case, as of 2026-10-29; none treats it adversely. That describes those decisions; it is not a determination that the case is good law.
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Iddir v. INS, 301 F.3d 492
Seventh Circuit, August 6, 2002. INS had a nondiscretionary duty to adjudicate diversity-visa applications and § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) does not bar review of a failure to act, but no relief is available once the fiscal year ends.
ImmCite: caution, adverse or limiting treatment found. Questioned by Akash Shahi v. United States Department of S, 33 F.4th 927 (2022).
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Calderon-Ramirez v. McCament, 877 F.3d 272
Seventh Circuit, December 5, 2017. USCIS must process U-visa petitions within a reasonable time, but neither mandamus nor the APA offers relief to an applicant who shows nothing setting him apart from those ahead of him in the oldest-first queue.
ImmCite: treatment available, history exists, not clearance
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Shahi v. United States Department of State, 33 F.4th 927
Seventh Circuit, May 6, 2022. Courts cannot order a diversity visa issued after the fiscal year ends whatever relief is requested, because the statute ends eligibility, and the Mandamus Act supplies a remedy rather than jurisdiction.
ImmCite: unchecked, treatment not confirmed yet, not evidence either way. ImmCite has found no published decision citing this case as of 2026-10-29; it checks for new citing decisions daily. That is not a determination that the case is good law. The citation index lists 10 other decisions citing it, none a Supreme Court, BIA or Attorney General precedent or a published circuit opinion; ImmCite's status does not review them.